What is the distinction between formative and summative assessment?

• A. Formative assessment evaluates learning after completion
• B. Formative assessment occurs after intervention; summative during
• C. Formative assessment monitors progress during the intervention
• D. Summative assessment is feedback-based while formative is not

Answer: (C)

The distinction between formative and summative assessment lies primarily in the timing and purpose of each type of assessment. Formative assessment is designed to monitor and evaluate learning during the process of instruction or intervention. This type of assessment provides ongoing feedback to both learners and instructors, allowing for adjustments and improvements to be made in real-time. It is utilized to gauge student understanding, guiding instructional decisions and enhancing learning as it occurs.

In contrast, summative assessment occurs after the completion of an instructional unit or intervention. Its primary aim is to evaluate and measure the overall effectiveness of the learning that has occurred, typically at the end of a specific period or course. This type of assessment is often used for assigning grades or certifying that certain educational objectives have been met.

The definition of formative assessment as monitoring progress during the intervention is correct, making it the appropriate choice. It emphasizes the continuous nature of learning and the role of feedback in improving educational outcomes.